{"id":1823,"date":"2026-10-02T11:48:09","date_gmt":"2026-10-02T03:48:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/qtacademy.com\/?p=1823"},"modified":"2026-10-02T12:04:33","modified_gmt":"2026-10-02T04:04:33","slug":"%e5%88%bb%e5%9c%a8%e8%82%89%e9%ab%94%e4%b8%8a%e7%9a%84%e3%80%8c%e5%b8%b8%e6%85%8b%e4%b9%8b%e5%88%80%e3%80%8d%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%8a%e7%af%87%ef%bc%89%ef%bc%9a%e9%9b%99%e6%80%a7%e4%ba%ba%e7%9a%84%e7%94%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/qtacademy.com\/zh-hant\/%e5%88%bb%e5%9c%a8%e8%82%89%e9%ab%94%e4%b8%8a%e7%9a%84%e3%80%8c%e5%b8%b8%e6%85%8b%e4%b9%8b%e5%88%80%e3%80%8d%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%8a%e7%af%87%ef%bc%89%ef%bc%9a%e9%9b%99%e6%80%a7%e4%ba%ba%e7%9a%84%e7%94%9f\/","title":{"rendered":"\u523b\u5728\u8089\u9ad4\u4e0a\u7684\u300c\u5e38\u614b\u4e4b\u5200\u300d\uff08\u4e0a\u7bc7\uff09\uff1a\u96d9\u6027\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u7269\u771f\u76f8\u3001\u91ab\u7642\u96b1\u779e\u8207\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u5275\u50b7"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\uff0f\u6797\u8302\u570b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u4e0a\u4e3b\u554a\uff0c\u6211\u8b9a\u7f8e\u7962\uff0c\u56e0\u6211\u53d7\u9020\u5947\u5999\u53ef\u754f\uff1b\u7962\u7684\u4f5c\u70ba\u5947\u5999\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6211\u5fc3\u6df1\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u3002\u300d\uff08\u8a69\u7bc7 139:14\uff09<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7576\u4fe1\u5f92\u5728\u4e3b\u65e5\u5d07\u62dc\u4e2d\u9f4a\u8072\u8a60\u5531\u9019\u7bc0\u8a69\u7bc7\u6642\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u6839\u672c\u7684\u9748\u6027\u8a70\u554f\u96a8\u4e4b\u6d6e\u73fe\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u751f\u4f86\u7684\u8eab\u8ec0\uff0c\u5728\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u3001\u6027\u817a\u3001\u8377\u723e\u8499\u6216\u5916\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u4e0a\u65e2\u4e0d\u7d14\u7cb9\u5951\u5408\u5178\u578b\u7537\u6027\u3001\u4ea6\u4e0d\u7d14\u7cb9\u5951\u5408\u5178\u578b\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u6559\u6703\u7684\u9577\u6905\u4e0a\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u4f9d\u7136\u80fd\u7531\u8877\u5ba3\u8a8d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u662f\u4e0a\u4e3b\u300c\u5947\u5999\u53ef\u754f\u300d\u7684\u5275\u9020\uff1f\u6291\u6216\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6703\u88ab\u6559\u6703\u8207\u91ab\u7642\u9ad4\u5236\u5224\u5b9a\u70ba\u300c\u53d7\u9020\u58ae\u843d\u7684\u6b98\u6b21\u54c1\u300d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u4e00\u9ede\u9177\u5152 EP16 | \u523b\u5728\u8089\u9ad4\u4e0a\u7684\u300c\u5e38\u614b\u4e4b\u5200\u300d\uff1a\u7576\u91ab\u5b78\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u806f\u624b\uff0c\u5272\u88c2\u4e861.7%\u53d7\u9020\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5c0a\u56b4\" width=\"780\" height=\"439\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/QGvaD7yS5RQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5f15\u8a00\uff1a\u91ab\u9662\u9577\u5eca\u88e1\u7121\u4f11\u6b62\u7684\u4e8c\u5341\u5200\u2014\u2014\u7576\u300c\u5e38\u614b\u4e4b\u5200\u300d\u5272\u88c2\u5e7c\u7ae5\u7684\u8089\u8eab<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56de\u6eaf\u81f31970\u5e74\u4ee3\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u4e00\u9593\u516c\u7acb\u91ab\u9662\uff0c\u75c5\u623f\u8d70\u5eca\u88e1\u5e38\u5e74\u7e08\u7e5e\u8457\u523a\u9f3b\u7684\u6d88\u6bd2\u85e5\u6c34\u5473\u3002\u90a3\u88e1\u8eba\u8457\u4e00\u500b\u540d\u53eb\u300c\u8000\u9d3b\u300d\u7684\u516b\u6b72\u5b69\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u540c\u9f61\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u64cd\u5834\u5954\u8dd1\u5b09\u6232\uff0c\u8000\u9d3b\u7684\u7ae5\u5e74\u537b\u76e1\u662f\u5669\u5922\uff1a\u51b0\u51b7\u523a\u773c\u7684\u624b\u8853\u71c8\u3001\u56fa\u5b9a\u56db\u80a2\u7684\u675f\u7e1b\u5e36\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0b\u9ad4\u4e00\u6b21\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u6495\u5fc3\u88c2\u80ba\u7684\u5287\u75db\u3002\u5728\u516b\u6b72\u5230\u5341\u4e09\u6b72\u77ed\u77ed\u4e94\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5e7c\u5c0f\u5fc3\u9748\u88ab\u8feb\u8eba\u4e0a\u624b\u8853\u53f0\u8d85\u904e\u4e8c\u5341\u6b21\u3002\u5916\u79d1\u91ab\u751f\u524d\u4ec6\u5f8c\u7e7c\uff0c\u5984\u5716\u300c\u4fee\u6b63\u300d\u9019\u5177\u5e7c\u5c0f\u8ec0\u9ad4\uff0c\u4ee5\u92fc\u5200\u8207\u7e2b\u7dda\u66ff\u4ed6\u4eba\u5de5\u518d\u9020\u51fa\u7b26\u5408\u300c\u6a19\u6e96\u7537\u6027\u300d\u5916\u89c0\u8207\u6392\u5c3f\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u9670\u8396\u548c\u5c3f\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u5834\u5834\u7121\u95dc\u751f\u6b7b\u7684\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u6574\u578b\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u4f34\u96a8\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u611f\u67d3\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u58de\u6b7b\u3001\u8840\u5c3f\u3001\u763b\u7ba1\u6f0f\u5c3f\u8207\u53cd\u8986\u5316\u81bf\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u65b0\u9020\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u5c3f\u9053\u6536\u7e2e\u9589\u5408\uff0c\u91ab\u751f\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u5145\u5206\u9ebb\u9189\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u7528\u91d1\u5c6c\u63a2\u91dd\u786c\u6345\u5165\u7cdc\u721b\u7684\u5275\u53e3\u64f4\u5f35\uff1b\u795e\u7d93\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u632b\u50b7\u5c0e\u81f4\u9577\u671f\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u6027\u75bc\u75db\u8207\u5c3f\u5931\u7981\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u7121\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u7ad9\u7acb\u6392\u5c3f\uff0c\u8000\u9d3b\u5728\u5b78\u6821\u98fd\u53d7\u540c\u5115\u7684\u8a15\u7b11\u8207\u9738\u51cc\uff0c\u9577\u5e74\u6d3b\u5728\u96e3\u4ee5\u555f\u9f52\u7684\u81ea\u5351\u3001\u6050\u61fc\u8207\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u6df1\u6df5\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u500b\u98fd\u53d7\u6b98\u9177\u91ab\u7642\u6298\u78e8\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u65e5\u5f8c\u5728\u83ef\u4eba\u793e\u6703\u8207\u570b\u969b\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u81f4\u529b\u63a8\u52d5\u96d9\u6027\u4eba\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u5148\u9a45\u2014\u2014\u7d30\u7d30\u8001\u5e2b\uff08\u9678\u6708\u660e\uff09\u3002[^1]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76f4\u5230\u4e09\u5341\u591a\u6b72\uff0c\u7d30\u7d30\u8001\u5e2b\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u7cbe\u5bc6\u7684\u91ab\u7642\u8a3a\u65b7\u4e2d\uff0c\u65b9\u63ed\u958b\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u79d8\u5bc6\uff1a\u5979\u751f\u4f86\u60a3\u6709\u300c\u90e8\u5206\u96c4\u6fc0\u7d20\u4e0d\u654f\u611f\u7d9c\u5408\u75c7\u300d\uff08Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome, PAIS\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5979\u7684\u6838\u578b\u70ba 46,XY\uff0c\u4f46\u7d30\u80de\u53d7\u9ad4\u5c0d\u96c4\u6fc0\u7d20\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8db3\u5920\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u9ad4\u5167\u517c\u5177\u96b1\u776a\u8207\u672a\u767c\u80b2\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5167\u90e8\u751f\u6b96\u69cb\u9020\u3002[^2] \u5979\u539f\u4f86\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u767c\u80b2\u5931\u6557\u3001\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u88c1\u526a\u91cd\u5851\u7684\u7537\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8207\u751f\u4ff1\u4f86\u3001\u5177\u5099\u5b8c\u6574\u751f\u7406\u5be6\u5728\u7684\u300c\u96d9\u6027\u4eba\u300d\uff08<strong>Intersex<\/strong>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u5979\u7ae5\u5e74\u8089\u9ad4\u4e0a\u5c64\u5c64\u5806\u758a\u7684\u75a4\u75d5\u8207\u7d42\u8eab\u96e3\u7652\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u5275\u50b7\uff0c\u5f9e\u4f86\u4e0d\u70ba\u633d\u6551\u5371\u75be\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8fce\u5408\u793e\u6703\u975e\u9ed1\u5373\u767d\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u504f\u57f7\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u628a\u4ee5\u300c\u6148\u60b2\u300d\u70ba\u540d\u3001\u57f7\u610f\u5c07\u6d3b\u751f\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u524a\u8db3\u9069\u5c65\uff0c\u4fee\u526a\u70ba\u5178\u578b\u6027\u5225\u7684<strong>\u300c\u5e38\u614b\u4e4b\u5200\u300d\uff08The Knife of the Norm\uff09<\/strong>\u3002[^3]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e00\u3001 \u751f\u7269\u5b78\u7684\u8c50\u5bcc\u76db\u5bb4\uff1a\u62c6\u89e3\u300c\u6027\u5225\u4e8c\u5143\u300d\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u8ff7\u601d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u50b3\u7d71\u89c0\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\u5e38\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u6b64\u5373\u5f7c\u7684\u300c\u958b\u95dc\u300d\uff1a\u8981\u9ebc\u958b\uff08XY \u7537\uff09\uff0c\u8981\u9ebc\u95dc\uff08XX \u5973\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7576\u4ee3\u751f\u7269\u91ab\u5b78\u8207\u767c\u80b2\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u65e9\u5df2\u8b49\u5be6\uff0c\u4eba\u9ad4\u6027\u5225\u7684\u5206\u5316\u6b77\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u55ae\u4e00\u7dad\u5ea6\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u5c0d\u7acb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u5e45\u7531\u57fa\u56e0\u3001\u7d30\u80de\u3001\u6fc0\u7d20\u8207\u767c\u80b2\u9032\u7a0b\u4ea4\u7e54\u800c\u6210\u7684\u7e41\u5bcc\u5149\u8b5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\u5206\u5316\u7684\u4e94\u91cd\u7dad\u5ea6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u5b89\u59ae\u00b7\u798f\u65af\u6258-\u65af\u7279\u6797\uff08Anne Fausto-Sterling\uff09\u53ca\u795e\u5b78\u5bb6\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u59ae\u00b7\u5df4\u5fb7\u5a01\uff08Stephanie A. Budwey\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8981\u754c\u5b9a\u4e00\u500b\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u6027\u5225\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u9808\u6aa2\u8996\u4e94\u500b\u4e92\u76f8\u95dc\u806f\u537b\u53c8\u5404\u81ea\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u5c64\u9762[^4]\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u8207\u907a\u50b3\u6027\u5225\uff08Chromosomal\/Genetic Sex\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u9664\u4e86\u6a19\u6e96\u7684 46,XX \u8207 46,XY \u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u8457 47,XXY\uff08\u514b\u6c0f\u7d9c\u5408\u75c7 Klinefelter syndrome\uff09\u300145,X0\uff08\u900f\u7d0d\u6c0f\u7d9c\u5408\u75c7 Turner syndrome\uff09\u3001\u5d4c\u5408\u9ad4\uff08mosaicism\u6216chimerism\uff0c\u9ad4\u5167\u540c\u6642\u542b\u6709\u5169\u7d44\u6216\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u7fa4\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca SRY \u57fa\u56e0\u8f49\u4f4d\u6216\u7f3a\u5931\u5f15\u767c\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u8868\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6027\u817a\u6027\u5225\uff08Gonadal Sex\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u80da\u80ce\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u96d9\u6f5b\u80fd\u6027\u817a\uff08bipotential gonads\uff09\uff0c\u65e2\u53ef\u5206\u5316\u70ba\u776a\u4e38\u6216\u5375\u5de2\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u767c\u80b2\u6210\u517c\u5177\u5169\u7a2e\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u300c\u5375\u776a\u300d\uff08ovotestis\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5167\u90e8\u751f\u6b96\u7ba1\u9053\uff08Internal Genitalia\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u5728\u80da\u80ce\u767c\u80b2\u7b2c8\u81f312\u9031\uff0c\u6c83\u592b\u6c0f\u7ba1\uff08Wolffian ducts\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u70ba\u7537\u6027\u5167\u7ba1\u9053\uff09\u8207\u7e46\u52d2\u6c0f\u7ba1\uff08M\u00fcllerian ducts\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u70ba\u5973\u6027\u5b50\u5bae\u3001\u8f38\u5375\u7ba1\u8207\u9670\u9053\u4e0a\u6bb5\uff09\u6703\u4f9d\u6297\u7e46\u52d2\u6c0f\u7ba1\u8377\u723e\u8499\uff08AMH\uff09\u8207\u776a\u56fa\u916e\u4fe1\u865f\u800c\u6d88\u9577\uff1b\u5169\u7ba1\u4e26\u5b58\u6216\u90e8\u5206\u5206\u5316\uff0c\u7686\u5c6c\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u751f\u7406\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5916\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u5f62\u614b\uff08External Genitalia\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u751f\u6b96\u7d50\u7bc0\u8207\u751f\u6b96\u9686\u8d77\u5728\u4e8c\u6c2b\u776a\u56fa\u916e\uff08DHT\uff09\u7b49\u96c4\u6fc0\u7d20\u8a98\u5c0e\u4e0b\u7684\u767c\u80b2\u5e45\u5ea6\u5dee\u7570\u6975\u5927\u3002\u91ab\u5b78\u754c\u7528\u4ee5\u8a55\u4f30\u5206\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u666e\u62c9\u5fb7\u91cf\u8868\uff08Prader Scale\uff09\u6216\u594e\u683c\u5229\u91cf\u8868\uff08Quigley Scale\uff09\uff0c\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7d44\u9023\u7e8c\u6f38\u9032\u7684\u89e3\u5256\u5149\u8b5c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8377\u723e\u8499\u6c34\u5e73\u8207\u7d30\u80de\u53d7\u9ad4\u53cd\u61c9\uff08Hormonal Sex &amp; Receptor Sensitivity\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u6d89\u53ca\u96c4\u6fc0\u7d20\u3001\u96cc\u6fc0\u7d20\u8207\u5b55\u6fc0\u7d20\u7684\u5408\u6210\u9014\u5f91\u9176\uff08\u5982 5\u03b1-\u9084\u539f\u9176\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9776\u7d30\u80de\u53d7\u9ad4\u5c0d\u6fc0\u7d20\u7684\u654f\u611f\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u5982\u7d30\u7d30\u8001\u5e2b\u6240\u7f79\u60a3\u7684PAIS\uff0c\u96c4\u6fc0\u7d20\u96d6\u5b58\u5728\u537b\u7121\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u50b3\u905e\u5206\u5b50\u8a0a\u865f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5fc3\u7406\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u8207\u795e\u7d93\u5927\u8166\u7d50\u69cb\uff08Psychological Sex \/ Brain Sex\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u7576\u4ee3\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u9054\u8299\u5a1c\u00b7\u55ac\u723e\uff08Daphna Joel\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8b49\u5be6\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5927\u8166\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6574\u9f4a\u5283\u4e00\u7684\u300c\u5168\u7537\u300d\u6216\u300c\u5168\u5973\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6027\u5225\u7279\u5fb5\u4ea4\u932f\u91cd\u758a\u7684\u300c\u5927\u8166\u99ac\u8cfd\u514b\u300d\uff08Gender Mosaic\uff09\u3002[^5]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u9ede\u4e03\u7684\u53d7\u9020\u591a\u6a23\u6027\uff1a\u5982\u7d05\u9aee\u822c\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6839\u64da Fausto-Sterling \u8de8\u8d8a\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b78\u8207\u91ab\u5b78\u6587\u737b\u7d9c\u5408\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5929\u751f\u5177\u5099\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u96d9\u6027\u7279\u5fb5\uff08Variations of Sex Characteristics, VSC\uff09\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7d04\u4f54\u5168\u7403\u7e3d\u4eba\u53e3\u7684 <strong>1.7%<\/strong>\u3002[^6]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1.7% \u610f\u5473\u8457\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f<\/strong> \u9019\u6070\u597d\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u5168\u7403\u5929\u751f\u64c1\u6709\u81ea\u7136\u300c\u7d05\u982d\u9aee\u300d\uff08Red Hair\uff09\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ea6\u8207\u540c\u5375\u96d9\u80de\u80ce\u7684\u51fa\u751f\u7387\u76f8\u7576\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u64c1\u6709\u4e00\u5343\u540d\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u4e2d\u5b78\u6821\u5712\u3001\u6216\u662f\u4e00\u9593\u4e94\u767e\u4eba\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d71\u8a08\u4e0a\u6975\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u6709\u6578\u540d\u751a\u81f3\u5341\u6578\u540d\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u504f\u96e2\u5178\u578b\u7537\u5973\u4e8c\u5143\u7684\u96d9\u6027\u4eba\u3002\u96d9\u6027\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e0d\u662f\u91ab\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u300c\u5076\u767c\u610f\u5916\u300d\u6216\u300c\u602a\u7269\u7578\u5f62\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u6240\u5c55\u73fe\u7684\u5167\u5728\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u96b1\u533f\uff1a\u70ba\u4f55\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u300c\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u300d\u96d9\u6027\u4eba\uff1f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u65e2\u7136\u6bd4\u4f8b\u9ad8\u9054 1.7%\uff0c\u70ba\u4f55\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u4e00\u751f\u5f9e\u672a\u81ea\u89ba\u9047\u904e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4f4d\u96d9\u6027\u4eba\uff1f\u5df4\u5fb7\u5a01\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5256\u6790\uff0c\u9019\u4e26\u975e\u96d9\u6027\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u900f\u904e\u4e94\u91cd\u56b4\u5bc6\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u300c\u9ed1\u5e55\u300d\uff0c\u5c07\u9019\u500b\u7fa4\u9ad4\u5728\u516c\u5171\u8996\u91ce\u4e2d\u5fb9\u5e95\u62b9\u9664[^7]\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5e7c\u5e74\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u91ab\u7642\u6574\u578b\uff08Medical Erasure\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u8a31\u591a\u5916\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u5448\u73fe\u6a21\u7cca\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u5b30\u5e7c\u5152\uff0c\u5728\u5c1a\u7121\u81ea\u4e3b\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u6708\u81f3\u6578\u6b72\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u88ab\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u8853\u5f37\u884c\u91cd\u5851\uff0c\u5916\u5728\u7279\u5fb5\u88ab\u898f\u683c\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9ad4\u5167\u5dee\u7570\u96e3\u8fa8\uff08Internal Variations\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u5927\u591a\u6578\u96d9\u6027\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u767c\u751f\u5728\u5fae\u89c0\u5c64\u9762\uff08\u5982\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u5d4c\u5408\u3001\u96c4\u6fc0\u7d20\u53d7\u9ad4\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6216\u6027\u817a\u767c\u80b2\u4e0d\u5168\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u5916\u8868\u8207\u5e38\u4eba\u7121\u7570\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u76f4\u5230\u9752\u6625\u671f\u7121\u6708\u7d93\u3001\u5a5a\u5f8c\u4e0d\u5b55\u3001\u6216\u63a5\u53d7\u5e38\u898f\u57fa\u56e0\u7be9\u6aa2\u6642\u624d\u5076\u7136\u7372\u77e5\u771f\u76f8\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u91ab\u8b77\u8207\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u300c\u4fdd\u8b77\u6027\u779e\u9a19\u300d\uff08Protective Deception\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u5f8c\u534a\u8449\u7684\u91ab\u5b78\u5e38\u898f\u4e2d\uff0c\u91ab\u751f\u901a\u5e38\u56b4\u683c\u544a\u8aa1\u7236\u6bcd\u5c0d\u5b69\u5b50\u96b1\u779e\u75c5\u6b77\uff0c\u4ee5\u300c\u5e38\u898f\u759d\u6c23\u624b\u8853\u300d\u6216\u300c\u96b1\u776a\u4e0b\u964d\u624b\u8853\u300d\u7b49\u8b0a\u8a00\u906e\u63a9\uff0c\u5c07\u771f\u76f8\u9396\u5165\u75c5\u6b77\u6ac3\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6587\u5316\u6c61\u540d\u8207\u6065\u611f\uff08Social Stigma &amp; Shame\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u83ef\u4eba\u793e\u6703\u4e43\u81f3\u5168\u7403\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u52d5\u8f12\u4ee5\u300c\u9670\u967d\u4eba\u300d\u3001\u300c\u77f3\u5973\u300d\u6216\u906d\u5929\u8b74\u7b49\u60e1\u540d\u76f8\u52a0\u3002\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u88ab\u8feb\u5c07\u8eab\u9ad4\u8996\u70ba\u4e0d\u53ef\u544a\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\u6065\uff0c\u9577\u5e74\u5664\u8072\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6236\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u5f37\u5236\u4e8c\u5206\uff08Institutional Binary\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u51fa\u751f\u8b49\u660e\u3001\u8eab\u5206\u8b49\u3001\u5b78\u6821\u767b\u8a18\u8868\u8207\u91ab\u7642\u4fdd\u96aa\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u6b04\u4f4d\u53ea\u6709\u300c\u7537\u300d\u8207\u300c\u5973\u300d\uff0c\u975e\u6b64\u5373\u5f7c\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8207\u9ad4\u5236\u5f9e\u4e0d\u627f\u8a8d\u96d9\u6027\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e8c\u3001 \u91ab\u7642\u53f2\u7684\u300c\u96b1\u779e\u7bc4\u5f0f\u300d\u8207\u300c\u5e38\u614b\u4e4b\u5200\u300d\uff1a\u5f9e\u7d04\u7ff0\u00b7\u83ab\u5c3c\u5230\u8eab\u9ad4\u66b4\u529b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56de\u9867\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u4e0b\u534a\u8449\u7684\u91ab\u5b78\u53f2\uff0c\u96d9\u6027\u5152\u7ae5\u6240\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u8089\u9ad4\u51cc\u8650\uff0c\u6e90\u65bc\u4e00\u5834\u672a\u7d93\u5be9\u614e\u9a57\u8b49\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5047\u8aaa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u7d04\u7ff0\u00b7\u83ab\u5c3c\u7684\u300c\u6027\u5225\u767d\u7d19\u8ad6\u300d\u8207\u300c\u6700\u512a\u6027\u5225\u653f\u7b56\u300d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1950\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7d04\u7ff0\u970d\u666e\u91d1\u65af\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u7d04\u7ff0\u00b7\u83ab\u5c3c\uff08John Money\uff09\u8207\u5152\u79d1\u5167\u5206\u6ccc\u5b78\u5bb6\u52de\u68ee\u00b7\u5a01\u723e\u91d1\u65af\uff08Lawson Wilkins\uff09\u651c\u624b\u78ba\u7acb\u4e86\u4e3b\u5c0e\u5168\u7403\u91ab\u754c\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u7684<strong>\u300c\u6700\u512a\u6027\u5225\u653f\u7b56\u300d\uff08Optimal Gender Policy\uff09<\/strong>\u3002[^8]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u83ab\u5c3c\u63d0\u51fa\u6975\u7aef\u7684\u300c\u5fc3\u7406\u6027\u5225\u4e2d\u6027\u8ad6\u300d\uff08Psychosexual Neutrality at Birth\uff09\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f35\u4eba\u985e\u51fa\u751f\u6642\u5728\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u5f35\u300c\u767d\u7d19\u300d\uff08Tabula Rasa\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u65b7\u8a00\uff1a\u53ea\u8981\u5728\u5169\u6b72\u534a\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u8853\u5c07\u5b30\u5152\u5916\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u4fee\u9020\u6210\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u7537\u5973\u5f62\u614b\uff0c\u518d\u914d\u5408\u5bb6\u5ead\u65bd\u4ee5\u5283\u4e00\u7684\u6027\u5225\u89d2\u8272\u6559\u990a\uff0c\u5b69\u7ae5\u4fbf\u80fd\u9806\u670d\u5730\u8a8d\u540c\u5f8c\u5929\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6027\u5225\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u70ba\u4e86\u843d\u5be6\u9019\u5957\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u91ab\u5b78\u754c\u751a\u81f3\u767c\u660e\u4e86\u8352\u8b2c\u7d55\u502b\u7684<strong>\u300c\u9670\u8396\u6e2c\u91cf\u5100\u300d\uff08Phall-O-Meter\uff09<\/strong>[^9]\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u65b0\u751f\u7537\u5b30\u4f38\u5c55\u5f8c\u7684\u9670\u8396\u9577\u5ea6\u5c0f\u65bc 2.5 \u516c\u5206\uff0c\u5373\u88ab\u5224\u5b9a\u70ba\u300c\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u884c\u4f7f\u7537\u6027\u529f\u80fd\u300d\uff1b\u800c\u5973\u5b30\u7684\u9670\u8482\u82e5\u5927\u65bc 0.9 \u516c\u5206\uff0c\u5247\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u7537\u6027\u5316\u5a01\u8105\u300d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728\u7576\u6642\u5916\u79d1\u6280\u8853\u7684\u9650\u5236\u4e0b\uff0c\u5916\u79d1\u91ab\u5b78\u754c\u76db\u884c\u4e00\u53e5\u51b7\u9177\u683c\u8a00\uff1a\u300c\u505a\u4e00\u500b\u6d1e\uff08\u9670\u9053\uff09\u9060\u6bd4\u9020\u4e00\u6839\u67f1\u5b50\uff08\u9670\u8396\uff09\u7701\u4e8b\u5f97\u591a\u300d\uff08It is easier to make a hole than build a pole\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u7121\u6578\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u70ba XY\u3001\u776a\u4e38\u529f\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u7537\u5b30\uff0c\u50c5\u56e0\u9670\u8396\u904e\u5c0f\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u7e48\u8913\u4e2d\u88ab\u5f37\u884c\u5207\u9664\u9670\u8396\u8207\u776a\u4e38\uff0c\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u70ba\u5973\u5b69\u64ab\u990a\uff1b\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b69\u5b50\uff08\u5982\u7ae5\u5e74\u7684\u7d30\u7d30\u8001\u5e2b\uff09\uff0c\u5247\u70ba\u4e86\u8fce\u5408\u7537\u6027\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u5916\u89c0\uff0c\u88ab\u8feb\u5728\u5e7c\u5e74\u53cd\u8986\u63a5\u53d7\u6578\u5341\u6b21\u6b98\u9177\u4e14\u4f75\u767c\u75c7\u98a8\u96aa\u6975\u9ad8\u7684\u300c\u9670\u8396\u300d\u91cd\u5efa\u624b\u8853\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u300c\u4fdd\u8b77\u6027\u6b3a\u9a19\u300d\u8207\u5927\u885b\u00b7\u96f7\u9ed8\u6848\u7684\u60b2\u5287<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u83ab\u5c3c\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u652f\u67f1\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5c0d\u60a3\u8005\u9577\u671f\u7684\u300c\u4fdd\u8b77\u6027\u6b3a\u9a19\u300d\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u91ab\u751f\u53ee\u56d1\u7236\u6bcd\u5c07\u624b\u8853\u771f\u76f8\u8996\u70ba\u7d55\u5bc6\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5b69\u5b50\u7522\u751f\u300c\u6027\u5225\u8a8d\u540c\u6df7\u4e82\u300d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u91ab\u5b78\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300c\u7d04\u7ff0\/\u74ca\uff08John\/Joan\uff09\u6848\u4f8b\u300d\u2014\u2014\u5927\u885b\u00b7\u96f7\u9ed8\uff08David Reimer\uff09\u7684\u60b2\u5287\uff0c\u5fb9\u5e95\u7c89\u788e\u4e86\u83ab\u5c3c\u7684\u767d\u7d19\u795e\u8a71\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5927\u885b\u539f\u540d\u5e03\u9b6f\u65af\u00b7\u96f7\u9ed8\uff08Bruce Reimer\uff09\uff0c1965 \u5e74\u51fa\u751f\u65bc\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u5c0d\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u7537\u6027\u540c\u5375\u96d9\u80de\u80ce\u4e2d\u7684\u54e5\u54e5\u30027 \u500b\u6708\u5927\u6642\u56e0\u5305\u76ae\u74b0\u5207\u624b\u8853\u610f\u5916\uff0c\u9670\u8396\u88ab\u71d2\u707c\u640d\u6bc0\u300222 \u500b\u6708\u5927\u6642\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u63a1\u7d0d\u83ab\u5c3c\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u53bb\u52e2\u6539\u9020\u6210\u5973\u5b69\uff0c\u4e26\u6539\u540d\u70ba Brenda\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u7576\u6210\u5973\u5b69\u64ab\u990a\u30021970 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u83ab\u5c3c\uff08John Money\uff09\u5728\u767c\u8868\u5b78\u8853\u8ad6\u6587\u8207\u5c08\u8457\u6642\uff0c\u4ee5\u300c\u74ca\uff08Joan\uff09\u300d\u70ba\u5927\u885b\u7684\u5316\u540d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u91ab\u5b78\u671f\u520a\u4e0a\u5927\u8086\u5ba3\u7a31\u300c\u74ca\u300d\u9069\u61c9\u826f\u597d\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u5177\u5099\u5973\u5b69\u6c23\u8cea\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u5305\u88dd\u6210\u300c\u6027\u5225\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u5f8c\u5929\u6559\u990a\u300d\u7684\u7a7a\u524d\u6210\u529f\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f7f\u300cJohn\/Joan \u6848\u4f8b\u300d\u6210\u70ba\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u9593\u5168\u7403\u5152\u79d1\u8207\u6027\u5b78\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u4e2d\u5949\u70ba\u572d\u81ec\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u5927\u885b\u5728\u6210\u9577\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u59cb\u7d42\u5f37\u70c8\u8a8d\u540c\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u6b77\u7d93\u6975\u5ea6\u75db\u82e6\u5f8c\u65bc\u6210\u5e74\u91cd\u65b0\u904e\u6e21\u70ba\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u7d66\u81ea\u5df1\u53d6\u540d\u70ba David\uff08\u5927\u885b\uff09\u2014\u2014\u9748\u611f\u4f86\u81ea\u8056\u7d93\u4e2d\u4ee5\u5f31\u52dd\u5f37\u3001\u64ca\u6557\u5de8\u4eba\u6b4c\u5229\u4e9e\u7684\u5c11\u5e74\u5927\u885b\uff0c\u8c61\u5fb5\u4ed6\u8981\u8fce\u6230\u91ab\u5b78\u6b0a\u5a01\u8207\u547d\u904b\u7684\u52c7\u6c23\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u5fc3\u75db\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u6700\u7d42\u65bc2004\u5e74\u56e0\u9577\u5e74\u5275\u50b7\u6291\u9b31\u81ea\u76e1\u3002[^10]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91ab\u5b78\u53f2\u5bb6\u611b\u9e97\u7d72\u00b7\u5fb7\u96f7\u683c\uff08Alice Domurat Dreger\uff09\u75db\u5207\u76f4\u9673\uff1a\u9019\u7a2e\u57fa\u65bc\u6210\u4eba\u793e\u6703\u6050\u614c\u800c\u5c0d\u5b30\u5e7c\u5152\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u5e38\u614b\u5316\u6574\u578b\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u7121\u6cd5\u633d\u56de\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\u2014\u2014\u795e\u7d93\u672b\u68a2\u88ab\u5207\u9664\u5c0e\u81f4\u6027\u5feb\u611f\u6c38\u4e45\u55aa\u5931\u3001\u6162\u6027\u75a4\u75d5\u75bc\u75db\u3001\u5c3f\u9053\u72f9\u7a84\u3001\u9aa8\u8cea\u758f\u9b06\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7121\u53ef\u5f4c\u88dc\u7684\u80cc\u53db\u4e4b\u75db\u8207\u9748\u6027\u89e3\u96e2\u3002[^11]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u570b\u969b\u4eba\u6b0a\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u5178\u7bc4\u8f49\u79fb\uff1a\u5f9e DSD \u5230\u8eab\u9ad4\u81ea\u4e3b\u6b0a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9762\u5c0d\u91ab\u5b78\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u7531\u8b1d\u9e97\u723e\u00b7\u8521\u65af\uff08Cheryl Chase\uff09\u5275\u7acb\u7684\u300c\u5317\u7f8e\u96d9\u6027\u4eba\u5354\u6703\u300d\uff08ISNA\uff09\u81ea1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\u767c\u8d77\u6297\u722d\u3002[^12] \u96d6\u71362005\u5e74\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5171\u8b58\u6703\u8b70\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u300c\u6027\u767c\u80b2\u75be\u60a3\/\u7570\u5e38\u300d\uff08Disorders of Sex Development, DSD\uff09\u7684\u65b0\u8853\u8a9e\u4ee5\u53d6\u4ee3\u9673\u820a\u4e14\u5177\u8cb6\u7fa9\u7684\u300c\u96cc\u96c4\u540c\u9ad4\/\u5169\u6027\u7578\u5f62\u300d\uff08Hermaphroditism\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u8a72\u8853\u8a9e\u4f9d\u7136\u56e0\u5176\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u300c\u75c5\u7406\u5316\u300d\u6697\u793a\u800c\u906d\u5230\u96d9\u6027\u4eba\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u8cea\u7591\u3002[^13]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u570b\u969b\u4eba\u6b0a\u6a5f\u69cb\u767c\u51fa\u4e86\u5f37\u70c8\u8b66\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u806f\u5408\u570b\u7981\u6b62\u9177\u5211\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff08CAT\uff09\u8207\u4eba\u6b0a\u7406\u4e8b\u6703\uff08HRC\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u5c07\u5728\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u9032\u884c\u975e\u91ab\u7642\u8feb\u5207\u6027\u3001\u7d14\u70ba\u5916\u89c0\u7f8e\u5bb9\u7684\u6027\u5225\u6307\u5b9a\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u5b9a\u6027\u70ba\u6b98\u5fcd\u3001\u4e0d\u4eba\u9053\u4e14\u69cb\u6210\u9177\u5211\u7684\u4fb5\u72af\u8eab\u9ad4\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u3002[^14]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6b50\u6d32\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff08Council of Europe\uff09\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u885b\u751f\u7d44\u7e54\uff08WHO\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u81f4\u6566\u4fc3\u5404\u570b\u7acb\u4f8b\u7981\u6b62\u5728\u5152\u7ae5\u5177\u5099\u77e5\u60c5\u540c\u610f\u80fd\u529b\u524d\uff0c\u65bd\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u5c07\u6027\u5225\u81ea\u6211\u5b9a\u7fa9\u8207\u8eab\u9ad4\u8655\u7f6e\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u5fb9\u5e95\u4ea4\u9084\u7d66\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u672c\u8eab\u3002[^15]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e09\u3001 \u9748\u6027\u5275\u50b7\u8207\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u4e0d\u516c\uff1a\u7576\u6559\u6703\u6210\u70ba\u4e8c\u5143\u5076\u50cf\u7684\u885b\u9053\u8005<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u8853\u5200\u5272\u50b7\u7684\u662f\u96d9\u6027\u4eba\u7684\u8840\u8089\u8eab\u8ec0\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6559\u6703\u9ad4\u5236\u6240\u6295\u5c04\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u5b9a\u7f6a\uff0c\u5272\u50b7\u7684\u5247\u662f\u96d9\u6027\u4eba\u8207\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u4e4b\u9593\u6700\u6df1\u6c89\u7684\u9748\u6027\u7d10\u5e36\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u91ab\u7642\u5e38\u614b\u5316\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5e7d\u9748\uff1a\u793e\u6703\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u7d42\u6975\u5408\u6cd5\u5316<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u5bb6\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u4f2f\u683c\uff08Peter Berger\uff09\u8207\u6258\u99ac\u65af\u00b7\u76e7\u514b\u66fc\uff08Thomas Luckmann\uff09\u5728\u5176\u7d93\u5178\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5efa\u69cb\u300b\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u5b97\u6559\u662f\u793e\u6703\u73fe\u5be6\u5efa\u69cb\u4e2d\u6700\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u6a5f\u5236\uff08<strong>the most powerful legitimator<\/strong>\uff09\u3002[^16] \u91ab\u7642\u9ad4\u5236\u8207\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u96d6\u7136\u62ab\u8457\u5ba2\u89c0\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u5916\u8863\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u79e9\u5e8f\u5f80\u5f80\u6df1\u690d\u65bc\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6559\u689d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u8207\u53d7\u897f\u65b9\u5ba3\u6559\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u83ef\u4eba\u6559\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u91ab\u5b78\u5c0d\u96d9\u6027\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u72c2\u71b1\u4fee\u526a\uff0c\u5be6\u8cea\u4e0a\u627f\u8972\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u795e\u5b78\u4e2d\u5c0d\u300c\u6027\u5225\u4e8c\u5143\u8ad6\u300d\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u5b97\u6559\u5d07\u62dc\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u74e6\u840a\u9e97\u8207\u4e39\u5c3c\u65af\u00b7\u6d77\u4f2f\u7279\uff08Valerie &amp; Dennis Hiebert\uff09\u6240\u6df1\u523b\u63ed\u793a\u7684\uff1a\u73fe\u4ee3\u91ab\u5b78\u6a5f\u69cb\u5728\u57f7\u884c\u6027\u5225\u5e38\u614b\u5316\u6642\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u76f4\u63a5\u807d\u5f9e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6f5b\u610f\u8b58\u65e9\u5df2\u88ab\u7279\u5b9a\u795e\u5b78\u8a6e\u91cb\u5fb9\u5e95\u5f62\u5851\uff1b\u5b97\u6559\u8aa4\u5c07\u5275\u4e16\u8a18\u300c\u9020\u7537\u9020\u5973\u300d\u8a6e\u91cb\u70ba\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u56b4\u683c\u4e8c\u5143\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u5c0d\u96d9\u6027\u4eba\u7522\u751f\u6df1\u5c64\u6392\u65a5\u7684\u7d42\u6975\u6839\u6e90\u3002[^17]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u96d9\u91cd\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u4e0d\u516c\uff1a\u838e\u8389\u00b7\u683c\u7f85\u65af\u8207\u7d30\u7d30\u8001\u5e2b\u7684\u653e\u9010<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7c73\u862d\u9054\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u514b\uff08Miranda Fricker\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u4e0d\u516c\u300d\uff08Epistemic Injustice\uff09\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6070\u597d\u9053\u76e1\u4e86\u96d9\u6027\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5728\u6559\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u9748\u6027\u7d55\u5883[^18]\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u898b\u8b49\u4e0d\u516c\uff08Testimonial Injustice\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u51fa\u65bc\u6210\u898b\uff0c\u8511\u8996\u6216\u5168\u76e4\u5426\u5b9a\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u7684\u767c\u8a00\u8cc7\u683c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8a6e\u91cb\u4e0d\u516c\uff08Hermeneutical Injustice\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u6574\u500b\u793e\u7fa4\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7406\u89e3\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u5883\u9047\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u795e\u5b78\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5176\u75db\u82e6\u7121\u6cd5\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u66f2\u89e3\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5357\u975e\u96d9\u6027\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u591a\u660e\u6211\u6703\u4fee\u58eb\u838e\u8389\u00b7\u683c\u7f85\u65af\uff08Sally Gross, 1953\u20132014\uff09\u7684\u547d\u904b\uff0c\u662f\u898b\u8b49\u4e0d\u516c\u7684\u6158\u75db\u5beb\u7167\u3002\u683c\u7f85\u65af\u5728\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u5df1\u5177\u6709\u96d9\u6027\u7279\u5fb5\u5f8c\uff0c\u4fee\u6703\u9ad8\u5c64\u7adf\u65a5\u5979\u975e\u7537\u975e\u5973\uff0c\u300c\u672a\u9054\u795e\u8056\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u6a19\u6e96\u300d\uff08does not satisfy the divine criterion for humanness\uff09\u3002\u66f4\u8352\u8b2c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6559\u898f\u5c08\u5bb6\u5ba3\u7a31\u5979\u7684\u6d17\u79ae\u7121\u6548\uff0c\u65b7\u8a00\uff1a<strong>\u300c\u5979\u7336\u5982\u8c93\u72d7\u8207\u91d1\u69cd\u9b5a\u7f50\u982d\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5728\u53ef\u53d7\u6d17\u7684\u53d7\u9020\u7269\u4e4b\u5217\u3002\u300d<\/strong>[^19]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7d30\u7d30\u8001\u5e2b\u5728\u83ef\u4eba\u6559\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u906d\u9047\u5982\u51fa\u4e00\u8f4d\u3002\u7576\u5979\u6b77\u7d93\u7121\u6578\u6b21\u624b\u8853\u3001\u8eab\u5fc3\u4ff1\u75b2\u5730\u8d70\u9032\u6559\u6703\u5c0b\u6c42\u5fc3\u9748\u5e87\u8b77\u6642\uff0c\u9577\u57f7\u8207\u50b3\u9053\u4eba\u7d66\u4e88\u5979\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u4e4b\u611b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u51b0\u51b7\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u5be9\u5224\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u300c\u795e\u8d77\u521d\u9020\u7537\u9020\u5973\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u662f\u6492\u4f46\u7834\u58de\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u7522\u7269\u3002\u300d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u300c\u9019\u662f\u539f\u7f6a\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u58ae\u843d\u7684\u75c5\u614b\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u70ba\u4f60\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u7981\u98df\u6094\u6539\u3002\u300d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8a66\u60f3\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u5f9e\u5c0f\u8089\u9ad4\u88ab\u6495\u88c2\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u6b21\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u81f3\u8056\u7684\u5718\u5951\u4e2d\uff0c\u7adf\u906d\u5ba3\u5224\u300c\u4f60\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u300d\u3001\u300c\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u53ad\u60e1\u4f60\u7684\u8eab\u8ec0\u300d\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u9748\u6027\u7a92\u606f\u5c07\u7d30\u7d30\u8001\u5e2b\u63a8\u5411\u7d55\u671b\u7684\u5d16\u908a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5979\u4e00\u5ea6\u7015\u81e8\u81ea\u6bba\u908a\u7de3\u3002\u7576\u6559\u6703\u5c07\u300c\u975e\u7537\u5373\u5973\u300d\u51cc\u99d5\u65bc\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5c0a\u56b4\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u656c\u62dc\u7684\u4fbf\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u91d8\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u7684\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u5076\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u3010\u4e0a\u7bc7\u5c0f\u7d50\u8207\u4e0b\u7bc7\u9810\u544a\u3011<\/strong><br>\u7576\u91ab\u5b78\u7684\u300c\u5e38\u614b\u4e4b\u5200\u300d\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u300c\u4e8c\u5143\u6559\u689d\u300d\u806f\u624b\u5c07\u975e\u5178\u578b\u8eab\u9ad4\u63a8\u5165\u7d55\u5883\u6642\uff0c\u51fa\u8def\u4f55\u5728\uff1f\u96d9\u6027\u4eba\u771f\u7684\u9055\u80cc\u4e86\u8056\u7d93\u7684\u5275\u9020\u79e9\u5e8f\u55ce\uff1f\u5728\u300a\u523b\u5728\u8089\u9ad4\u4e0a\u7684\u300c\u5e38\u614b\u4e4b\u5200\u300d\uff08\u4e0b\u7bc7\uff09\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u91cd\u56de\u8056\u7d93\u8207\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u7236\u907a\u7522\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u5275\u4e16\u8a18\u300c\u9020\u7537\u9020\u5973\u300d\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u5e0c\u4f2f\u4f86\u4fee\u8fad\u5967\u79d8\u3001\u8036\u7a4c\u5c0d\u592a\u76e3\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u80af\u5b9a\u3001\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u300c\u57fa\u7763\u50b7\u53e3\u300d\u7684\u985b\u8986\u6027\u8c61\u5fb5\uff0c\u4e26\u898b\u8b49\u7d30\u7d30\u8001\u5e2b\u5982\u4f55\u5f9e\u300c\u8000\u9d3b\u300d\u86fb\u8b8a\u70ba\u300c\u6708\u660e\u300d\uff0c\u596a\u56de\u81ea\u6211\u4e3b\u6b0a\uff0c\u5e36\u9818\u6559\u6703\u7acb\u4e0b\u62c6\u9664\u85e9\u7c6c\u7684\u4e09\u91cd\u76df\u7d04\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80\u8207\u8a3b\u91cb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[^1]: \u7d30\u7d30\u8001\u5e2b\uff08\u9678\u6708\u660e\uff0cSmall Luk\uff09\u70ba\u9999\u6e2f\u8a3b\u518a\u4e2d\u91ab\u5e2b\u3001\u793e\u5de5\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u96d9\u6027\u4eba\u6b0a\u76ca\u7d44\u7e54\u300c\u85e9\u7c6c\u4ee5\u5916-\u8a8d\u8b58\u53ca\u95dc\u611b\u96d9\u6027\u4eba\u300d\uff08Beyond the Boundary -Knowing and Concerns Intersex\uff09\u5275\u8fa6\u4eba\u3002\u5176\u7ae5\u5e74\u751f\u6b7b\u6399\u624e\u8207\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6b77\u7a0b\u898b\u65bc\u591a\u500b\u516c\u958b\u5c08\u8a2a\u8207\u7d00\u9304\u7247\uff0c\u53c3\u898b\uff1a\u570b\u969b\u7279\u8d66\u7d44\u7e54\uff08Amnesty International\uff09\uff0c\u300a&#8221;My body, not their choice\u201d\uff1a The struggle of intersex activist Small Luk\u300b\uff082019\uff09\uff1b\u9999\u6e2f\u96fb\u53f0\u300a\u93d7\u93d8\u96c6\uff1a\u5176\u5be6\u4f60\u662f\u500b\u5929\u4f7f\u300b\uff082016\uff09\uff1b\u9999\u6e2f\u860b\u679c\u65e5\u5831\u4eba\u7269\u5c08\u8a2a\u300a\u751f\u70ba\u96d9\u6027\u4eba\uff1a\u7d30\u7d30\u8001\u5e2b\u7684\u624b\u8853\u8840\u6dda\u53f2\u300b\uff082016\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[^2]: \u90e8\u5206\u96c4\u6fc0\u7d20\u4e0d\u654f\u611f\u7d9c\u5408\u75c7\uff08Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome, PAIS\uff09\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u7f55\u898b\u7684 X \u9023\u9396\u96b1\u6027\u907a\u50b3\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u56e0\u96c4\u6fc0\u7d20\u53d7\u9ad4\uff08AR\uff09\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u8b8a\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u9776\u7d44\u7e54\u5c0d\u96d9\u6c2b\u776a\u56fa\u916e\uff08DHT\uff09\u8207\u776a\u56fa\u916e\u53cd\u61c9\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u6838\u578b\u591a\u70ba 46,XY\uff0c\u4f46\u500b\u9ad4\u6703\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u4ecb\u65bc\u5178\u578b\u7537\u5973\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u591a\u5143\u5916\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u8868\u578b\u3002\u53c3\u898b\uff1aIan A. Hughes, et al., &#8220;Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome,&#8221; <em>Endotext<\/em> (South Dartmouth: MDText.com, Inc., 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[^3]: \u300c\u5e38\u614b\u4e4b\u5200\u300d\uff08The Knife of the Norm\uff09\u9019\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u6e90\u81ea\u91ab\u5b78\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u611b\u9e97\u65af\u00b7\u5fb7\u96f7\u683c\uff08Alice Domurat Dreger\uff09\u5c0d\u6cd5\u570b\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u55ac\u6cbb\u00b7\u5eb7\u5409\u6f22\u59c6\uff08Georges Canguilhem\uff09\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u6b63\u5e38\u8207\u75c5\u7406\u300b\uff08<em>The Normal and the Pathological<\/em>\uff09\u4e4b\u5f15\u8ff0\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u63ed\u9732\u73fe\u4ee3\u91ab\u5b78\u9ad4\u5236\u5982\u4f55\u900f\u904e\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u8853\u5c07\u4eba\u70ba\u5283\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6a19\u6e96\u786c\u751f\u751f\u5f37\u52a0\u65bc\u500b\u9ad4\u8089\u8eab\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u53c3\u898b\uff1aAlice Domurat Dreger, <em>Hermaphrodites and the Medical Invention of Sex<\/em> (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998), 167-170; Georges Canguilhem, <em>The Normal and the Pathological<\/em>, trans. Carolyn R. Fawcett (New York: Zone Books, 1991).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[^4]: \u95dc\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u7406\u6027\u5225\u5206\u5316\u7684\u4e94\u5927\u9762\u5411\u53ca\u5176\u91ab\u5b78\u7d30\u7bc0\uff0c\u53c3\u898b\uff1aStephanie A. Budwey, <em>Religion and Intersex: Perspectives from Science, Law, Culture, and Theology<\/em> (London &amp; New York: Routledge, 2023), Chapter 1 (&#8220;The Knife of the Norm: Intersex from Scientific Perspectives&#8221;), 10-33; Anne Fausto-Sterling, <em>Sex\/Gender: Biology in a Social World<\/em> (London &amp; New York: Routledge, 2012).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[^5]: Daphna Joel, et al., &#8220;Sex beyond the genitalia: The human brain mosaic,&#8221; <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/em> 112, no. 50 (2015): 15468-15473. \u8a72\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u985e\u5927\u8166\u7686\u662f\u7531\u5178\u578b\u7537\u6027\u7279\u5fb5\u3001\u5178\u578b\u5973\u6027\u7279\u5fb5\u53ca\u4e2d\u6027\u7279\u5fb5\u6240\u62fc\u8cbc\u4ea4\u7e54\u7684\u300c\u5927\u8166\u99ac\u8cfd\u514b\u300d\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u91ab\u5b78\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7d14\u7cb9\u4e8c\u5206\u7684\u5927\u8166\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[^6]: Anne Fausto-Sterling, &#8220;The Five Sexes, Revisited: The Emerging Recognition that People Come in Bewildering Sexual Varieties is Testing Medical Values and Social Norms,&#8221; <em>The Sciences<\/em> 40, no. 4 (2000): 18-23; Melanie Blackless, et al., &#8220;How sexually dimorphic are we? Review and synthesis,&#8221; <em>American Journal of Human Biology<\/em> 12, no. 2 (2000): 151-166. \u8a72\u7d71\u8a08\u4f30\u7b97\u5168\u7403\u4eba\u53e3\u7d04\u6709 1.728% \u5177\u6709\u504f\u96e2\u56b4\u683c\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u3001\u6027\u817a\u6216\u5916\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u4e8c\u5143\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[^7]: \u95dc\u65bc\u96d9\u6027\u4eba\u5728\u793e\u6703\u8207\u5236\u5ea6\u7d50\u69cb\u4e2d\u88ab\u96b1\u853d\u8207\u62b9\u9664\u7684\u8a73\u7d30\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53c3\u898b\uff1aStephanie A. Budwey, <em>Religion and Intersex<\/em>, 10-12; Ellen K. Feder, <em>Making Sense of Intersex: Changing Ethical Perspectives in Biomedicine<\/em> (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2014).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[^8]: John Money, J. G. Hampson, and J. L. Hampson, &#8220;An Examination of Some Basic Sexual Concepts: The Evidence of Human Hermaphroditism,&#8221; <em>Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital<\/em> 97, no. 4 (1955): 301-319; John Money, <em>Gay, Straight, and In-Between: The Sexology of Erotic Orientation<\/em> (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[^9]: \u300c\u9670\u8396\u6e2c\u91cf\u5100\u300d\uff08Phall-O-Meter\uff09\u70ba\u96d9\u6027\u4eba\u904b\u52d5\u5148\u9a45\u8b1d\u9e97\u723e\u00b7\u8521\u65af\uff08Cheryl Chase\uff09\u8207\u5317\u7f8e\u96d9\u6027\u4eba\u5354\u6703\uff08ISNA\uff09\u65bc1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u8af7\u523a\u6027\u8af7\u55bb\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7cbe\u78ba\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5152\u79d1\u6ccc\u5c3f\u79d1\u8207\u5167\u5206\u6ccc\u79d1\u754c\u4ee5\u300c\u7537\u6027\u9670\u8396\u5fc5\u9808\u5927\u65bc2.5\u516c\u5206\u3001\u5973\u6027\u9670\u8482\u5fc5\u9808\u5c0f\u65bc0.9\u516c\u5206\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u52d5\u5200\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u8352\u8b2c\u6027\u3002\u53c3\u898b\uff1aSuzanne J. Kessler, <em>Lessons from the Intersexed<\/em> (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1998), 42-45.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[^10]: \u95dc\u65bc\u5927\u885b\u00b7\u96f7\u9ed8\uff08David Reimer\uff0c\u5316\u540d John\/Joan\uff09\u6848\u7684\u8abf\u67e5\u3001\u91ab\u5b78\u9020\u5047\u63ed\u9732\u8207\u502b\u7406\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u5176\u6b77\u7a0b\u6975\u5177\u6b77\u53f2\u8f49\u6298\u610f\u7fa9\uff1a\u9577\u671f\u8cea\u7591\u300c\u6027\u5225\u767d\u7d19\u8ad6\u300d\u7684\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u7c73\u723e\u9813\u00b7\u6234\u8499\uff08Milton Diamond\uff09\uff0c\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\u6301\u7e8c\u8ffd\u67e5\u83ab\u5c3c\u8072\u7a31\u7684\u300c\u7a7a\u524d\u6210\u529f\u7bc4\u4f8b\u300d\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u65bc1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u806f\u624b\u66fe\u53c3\u8207\u500b\u6848\u5f8c\u7e8c\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7cbe\u795e\u79d1\u91ab\u751f\u897f\u683c\u8499\u68ee\uff08H. Keith Sigmundson\uff09\u5c0b\u7372\u5df2\u6210\u5e74\u7684\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u3002\u6234\u8499\u9707\u9a5a\u5730\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u83ab\u5c3c\u5728\u671f\u520a\u4e0a\u5ba3\u7a31\u300c\u8eab\u5fc3\u5df2\u5b8c\u5168\u6210\u70ba\u5973\u5b69\u300d\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e00\u5834\u84c4\u610f\u7c89\u98fe\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u9020\u5047\u2014\u2014\u5927\u885b\u81ea\u5e7c\u5373\u5f37\u70c8\u6297\u62d2\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u5206\u3001\u98fd\u53d7\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u6027\u5225\u7126\u616e\u8207\u6291\u9b31\uff0c\u4e26\u65e9\u572814\u6b72\u5f97\u77e5\u8eab\u4e16\u771f\u76f8\u5f8c\u4fbf\u5805\u6c7a\u91cd\u8fd4\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4efd\u30021997\u5e74\uff0c\u6234\u8499\u8207\u897f\u683c\u8499\u68ee\u5728\u91ab\u5b78\u9802\u7d1a\u671f\u520a\u767c\u8868\u8ffd\u8e64\u8ad6\u6587\u3008\u51fa\u751f\u6642\u7684\u6027\u5225\u91cd\u7f6e\uff1a\u9577\u671f\u8ffd\u8e64\u56de\u9867\u8207\u81e8\u5e8a\u555f\u793a\u3009\uff08Milton Diamond and H. Keith Sigmundson, &#8220;Sex Reassignment at Birth: Long-term Review and Clinical Implications,&#8221; <em>Archives of Pediatrics &amp; Adolescent Medicine<\/em> 151, no. 3 [1997]: 298-304\uff09\uff0c\u6295\u4e0b\u4e86\u5f15\u767c\u5168\u7403\u91ab\u5b78\u502b\u7406\u5730\u9707\u7684\u9707\u64bc\u5f48\u3002\u96a8\u5f8c\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u8abf\u67e5\u8a18\u8005\u7d04\u7ff0\u00b7\u79d1\u62c9\u5e73\u6258\uff08John Colapinto\uff09\u65bc1997\u5e74\u5e95\u5728\u300a\u6efe\u77f3\u300b\uff08<em>Rolling Stone<\/em>\uff09\u96dc\u8a8c\u767c\u8868\u9577\u7bc7\u6df1\u5ea6\u8abf\u67e5\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc2000\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u66a2\u92b7\u5c08\u8457\u300a\u5929\u751f\u70ba\u7537\uff1a\u90a3\u500b\u88ab\u7576\u6210\u5973\u5b69\u990a\u5927\u7684\u7537\u5b69\u300b\uff08John Colapinto, <em>As Nature Made Him: The Boy Who Was Raised as a Girl<\/em>, New York: HarperCollins, 2000\uff09\u3002\u9762\u5c0d\u5a92\u9ad4\u805a\u7126\uff0c\u5927\u885b\u00b7\u96f7\u9ed8\u672c\u53ef\u9078\u64c7\u96b1\u59d3\u57cb\u540d\u4ee5\u907f\u4e16\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u70ba\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u66f4\u591a\u96d9\u6027\u5b30\u5152\u8207\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u640d\u50b7\u7537\u5b30\u7e7c\u7e8c\u6dea\u70ba\u624b\u8853\u5200\u4e0b\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\uff0c\u6bc5\u7136\u6c7a\u7136\u653e\u68c4\u533f\u540d\uff0c\u516c\u958b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u59d3\u540d\u3001\u5bb9\u8c8c\u8207\u8840\u6dda\u81ea\u767d\uff0c\u89aa\u624b\u7c89\u788e\u4e86\u7c60\u7f69\u91ab\u5b78\u754c\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u795e\u8a71\u3002\u5927\u885b\u7684\u516c\u958b\u81ea\u767d\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u63a8\u52d5\u7576\u4ee3\u96d9\u6027\u4eba\u4eba\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\uff08\u5982 ISNA\uff09\u53ca\u53cd\u5c0d\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u5e38\u614b\u5316\u624b\u8853\u7684\u6700\u95dc\u9375\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[^11]: Alice Domurat Dreger, ed., <em>Intersex in the Age of Ethics<\/em> (Hagerstown, MD: University Publishing Group, 1999); Alice Domurat Dreger, &#8220;\u2018Ambiguous Sex\u2019\u2014or Ambivalent Medicine? Ethical Issues in the Treatment of Intersexuality,&#8221; <em>The Hastings Center Report<\/em> 28, no. 3 (1998): 24-35.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[^12]: Cheryl Chase, &#8220;Hermaphrodites with Attitude: Mapping the Emergence of Intersex Political Activism,&#8221; <em>GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies<\/em> 4, no. 2 (1998): 189-211.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[^13]: Peter A. Lee, et al., &#8220;Consensus Statement on Management of Intersex Disorders,&#8221; <em>Pediatrics<\/em> 118, no. 2 (2006): e488-e500. \u95dc\u65bc DSD \u8853\u8a9e\u722d\u8b70\u4e4b\u793e\u7fa4\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u53c3\u898b\uff1aMorgan Holmes, ed., <em>Critical Intersex<\/em> (Farnham: Ashgate, 2009).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[^14]: United Nations Committee Against Torture (CAT), &#8220;Concluding observations on the fifth periodic report of Germany,&#8221; UN Doc. CAT\/C\/DEU\/CO\/5 (2011), para. 20; UN Human Rights Council, &#8220;Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Juan E. M\u00e9ndez,&#8221; UN Doc. A\/HRC\/22\/53 (2013), para. 77.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[^15]: Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly, &#8220;Children&#8217;s right to physical integrity,&#8221; Resolution 1952 (2013); World Health Organization (WHO), <em>Eliminating forced, coercive and otherwise involuntary sterilization: An interagency statement<\/em> (Geneva: WHO, 2014).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[^16]: Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann, <em>The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge<\/em> (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1966).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[^17]: Valerie Hiebert and Dennis Hiebert, &#8220;Intersex Persons and the Church: Unknown, Unwelcome, Unwanted Neighbors,&#8221; <em>Journal for the Sociological Integration of Religion and Society<\/em> 5, no. 2 (2015): 39-55. \u5f15\u81ea\u8a72\u66f8\u7b2c 40 \u9801\u5c0d\u5b97\u6559\u4f5c\u70ba\u91ab\u5b78\u4e8c\u5143\u63a7\u5236\u7d42\u6975\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u6e90\u982d\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[^18]: Miranda Fricker, <em>Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing<\/em> (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007). \u95dc\u65bc\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u4e0d\u516c\u5728\u8de8\u6027\u5225\u8207\u96d9\u6027\u795e\u5b78\u4e2d\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u53c3\u898b\uff1aStephanie A. Budwey, <em>Religion and Intersex<\/em>, 97-101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[^19]: Sally Gross, &#8220;Intersexuality and Scripture,&#8221; <em>Theology &amp; Sexuality<\/em> 11 (1999): 65-74. \u4ea6\u53c3\u898b\uff1aStephanie A. Budwey, <em>Religion and Intersex<\/em>, 130-131; Leah DeVun, <em>The Shape of Sex: Nonbinary Gender from Genesis to the Renaissance<\/em> (New York: Columbia University Press, 2021), 18.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6587\uff0f\u6797\u8302\u570b \u300c\u4e0a\u4e3b\u554a\uff0c\u6211\u8b9a\u7f8e\u7962\uff0c\u56e0\u6211\u53d7\u9020\u5947\u5999\u53ef\u754f\uff1b\u7962\u7684\u4f5c\u70ba\u5947\u5999\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6211\u5fc3\u6df1\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u3002\u300d\uff08\u8a69\u7bc7 139:14\uff09 \u7576\u4fe1\u5f92\u5728\u4e3b\u65e5\u5d07\u62dc\u4e2d\u9f4a\u8072\u8a60\u5531\u9019\u7bc0\u8a69\u7bc7\u6642\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u6839\u672c\u7684\u9748\u6027\u8a70\u554f\u96a8\u4e4b\u6d6e\u73fe\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u751f\u4f86\u7684\u8eab\u8ec0\uff0c\u5728\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u3001\u6027\u817a\u3001\u8377\u723e\u8499\u6216\u5916\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u4e0a\u65e2\u4e0d\u7d14\u7cb9\u5951&#8230; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/qtacademy.com\/zh-hant\/%e5%88%bb%e5%9c%a8%e8%82%89%e9%ab%94%e4%b8%8a%e7%9a%84%e3%80%8c%e5%b8%b8%e6%85%8b%e4%b9%8b%e5%88%80%e3%80%8d%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%8a%e7%af%87%ef%bc%89%ef%bc%9a%e9%9b%99%e6%80%a7%e4%ba%ba%e7%9a%84%e7%94%9f\/\">\u7e7c\u7e8c\u95b1\u8b80 <span class=\"meta-nav\">&#8594;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1825,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[65,43],"tags":[111,116,107,112,108,113,110,115,114,109],"class_list":["post-1823","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-queer-a-bit-zh","category-resources-zh","tag-intersex","tag-lgbtq","tag-107","tag-112","tag-108","tag-113","tag-110","tag-115","tag-114","tag-109"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/qtacademy.com\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1823","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/qtacademy.com\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/qtacademy.com\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qtacademy.com\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qtacademy.com\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1823"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/qtacademy.com\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1823\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1831,"href":"https:\/\/qtacademy.com\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1823\/revisions\/1831"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qtacademy.com\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1825"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/qtacademy.com\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1823"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qtacademy.com\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1823"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qtacademy.com\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1823"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}